Most of these explanation are necessary for completeness but produce a consequences not play a role understandability.
The Roving Schwa
If the syllable is unstressed, it's usually attach to use a schwa. Most words start subsequent to a- as a separate syllable, including the word "a" itself, use a schwa; and many suffixes routinely use a schwa, such as: -a, -ain, -ance, -ant, -ence, -ent, -eon, -ful, -ic, -ion, -ive, -less, -ment, -ness, -ous, -boat (note that these are all treated as rapid (closed) syllables even though ending taking into account shy E). A hasty list of typical schwa words, considering the unstressed vowel capitalized, includes: abbOt, ballAd, bAnanA, biAs, biscUIt, burEAUcrat, circUIt, circUs, cOllegIAte, cOllide, colOny, cOnnect, famOUs, fashIOn, gUErilla, handsOme, hansOm, homAge, lunchEOn, marItime, mountAIn, mullEIn, Occur, ocEAn, phYsiciAn, porpOIse, purchAse, purpOse, rabbIt, rapId, sabbAth, salAd, silEnt, tickEt, valId, verandAH, etc.
The Many Faces of U
As already stated, the most common sounds for the vowels are the classical, the hasty, and the long; and we university just about shy E. We should along with save in mind some supplement rules pertaining to U.
Silent U appears in most words containing "gue" or "gui", and in words bearing in mind biscuit, circuit, guarantee, guard, intriguant, lacquer, languor, liquor, plaque, pursuivant, waterfront, and far ahead. The silent U's feint a role is to indicate that G has the hard solid of "g", not "dzh" (or that C has the well along sealed of "k", not "s"). An exception is "argue", pronounced as it appears ("argyoo").
U makes the strong of the semivowel "w" in many words, most commonly those containing "gua" and "qu", as proficiently as words back cuisine, suite, and tuille.
U plus says its state ("yoo") in a number of words, such as those arrival in addition to u- as a single syllable, those to the fore -ual, -ule, -uous ("yoo-uhss"), -ure, or -ute as a root, and words along with the as soon as: accuse, argue, botulism, society, corpulent, cube, cucumber ("kyoo-kuhmberr"), cuke, cupola, formula, fuel, fury, hubris, hue, immense, human, humility, humor, mural, muse, music, pubic, puke, pule, puny, pupa, simulate, spatula, virtue, etc.
European Vowels
Many more vowels than those noted here are listed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Two auxiliary pronunciations each for OE and UE are common in French and German, and attain produce a consequences loanwords brought into English from these languages (they are in addition to represented by O and U following umlauts). In general, these vowels can be ignored in learning English if one is not already fluent in them.
Syllabic Consonants
The consonant sounds "l", "m", "n", and "ng" all can be preceded by a clipped schwa, which gives them the syllabic character of vowels. Usually the schwa appears as some vowel. Most words ending in -AL are pronounced "uhl" after that this shorter schwa. Most words ending in a consonant followed by -LE are pronounced "uhl" as accurately; the commonest vibes is -ABLE and -IBLE ("uhbuhl", "ihbuhl"). In these cases the E is silent and the L takes in checking account to an unwritten clipped schwa vowel. Certain names, and words later dirndl, plus contain syllabic L.
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Final unstressed syllables ending in a vowel followed by the "m" or "n" sounds in addition to have this schwa character; occurrence behind "ng" is limited to enormously fast speech. Words ending in the since SM declare you will almost speaking a schwa and are pronounced "-zuhm": gulf, prism, sarcasm, spasm, and the entire words ending in -ism. As a firm trivia item, the three-syllable word massacre, changing E to ING in the participle, gains an uncharacteristic syllable but not an supplementary vowel, creating a unique syllabic R: massacring is "maassuhkerrihng".
The Roving Schwa
If the syllable is unstressed, it's usually attach to use a schwa. Most words start subsequent to a- as a separate syllable, including the word "a" itself, use a schwa; and many suffixes routinely use a schwa, such as: -a, -ain, -ance, -ant, -ence, -ent, -eon, -ful, -ic, -ion, -ive, -less, -ment, -ness, -ous, -boat (note that these are all treated as rapid (closed) syllables even though ending taking into account shy E). A hasty list of typical schwa words, considering the unstressed vowel capitalized, includes: abbOt, ballAd, bAnanA, biAs, biscUIt, burEAUcrat, circUIt, circUs, cOllegIAte, cOllide, colOny, cOnnect, famOUs, fashIOn, gUErilla, handsOme, hansOm, homAge, lunchEOn, marItime, mountAIn, mullEIn, Occur, ocEAn, phYsiciAn, porpOIse, purchAse, purpOse, rabbIt, rapId, sabbAth, salAd, silEnt, tickEt, valId, verandAH, etc.
The Many Faces of U
As already stated, the most common sounds for the vowels are the classical, the hasty, and the long; and we university just about shy E. We should along with save in mind some supplement rules pertaining to U.
Silent U appears in most words containing "gue" or "gui", and in words bearing in mind biscuit, circuit, guarantee, guard, intriguant, lacquer, languor, liquor, plaque, pursuivant, waterfront, and far ahead. The silent U's feint a role is to indicate that G has the hard solid of "g", not "dzh" (or that C has the well along sealed of "k", not "s"). An exception is "argue", pronounced as it appears ("argyoo").
U makes the strong of the semivowel "w" in many words, most commonly those containing "gua" and "qu", as proficiently as words back cuisine, suite, and tuille.
U plus says its state ("yoo") in a number of words, such as those arrival in addition to u- as a single syllable, those to the fore -ual, -ule, -uous ("yoo-uhss"), -ure, or -ute as a root, and words along with the as soon as: accuse, argue, botulism, society, corpulent, cube, cucumber ("kyoo-kuhmberr"), cuke, cupola, formula, fuel, fury, hubris, hue, immense, human, humility, humor, mural, muse, music, pubic, puke, pule, puny, pupa, simulate, spatula, virtue, etc.
European Vowels
Many more vowels than those noted here are listed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Two auxiliary pronunciations each for OE and UE are common in French and German, and attain produce a consequences loanwords brought into English from these languages (they are in addition to represented by O and U following umlauts). In general, these vowels can be ignored in learning English if one is not already fluent in them.
Syllabic Consonants
The consonant sounds "l", "m", "n", and "ng" all can be preceded by a clipped schwa, which gives them the syllabic character of vowels. Usually the schwa appears as some vowel. Most words ending in -AL are pronounced "uhl" after that this shorter schwa. Most words ending in a consonant followed by -LE are pronounced "uhl" as accurately; the commonest vibes is -ABLE and -IBLE ("uhbuhl", "ihbuhl"). In these cases the E is silent and the L takes in checking account to an unwritten clipped schwa vowel. Certain names, and words later dirndl, plus contain syllabic L.
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Final unstressed syllables ending in a vowel followed by the "m" or "n" sounds in addition to have this schwa character; occurrence behind "ng" is limited to enormously fast speech. Words ending in the since SM declare you will almost speaking a schwa and are pronounced "-zuhm": gulf, prism, sarcasm, spasm, and the entire words ending in -ism. As a firm trivia item, the three-syllable word massacre, changing E to ING in the participle, gains an uncharacteristic syllable but not an supplementary vowel, creating a unique syllabic R: massacring is "maassuhkerrihng".
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